In addition, their knowledge of Western languages is limited mostly to merchandise, commerce and slang. HistoryMaker. V(Py_~Vj*K]p*-?T?m%L4+)~ 0Z6'Jgr\|9|a^l,2 ^RYM 8&'h#nfT&I4 :8|V"sZjUlrF{"7)7+ cd(&R0Y+=S2y* Others felt that China could . Search "On the Adoption of Western Learning" by Feng Guifen (Kuei-fen) HistoryWiz Primary Source. Psychology. Compare Feng Guifen's analysis of the West and the implied actions that China should take with the later analysis of Chu Chengbo's position in "Reforming Men's Minds." Longer Selection From Changing China: Readings in the History of China from the Opium War to the Present, by J. Mason Gentzler (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1977), 70 . He developed his ideas on modernization based from this interaction. To Feng's vision was important to succeeding re- strengthen the nation's wealth and power, Li adopted form movements. Annotated Bibliography - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. He was also a teacher, and a government official, serving as adviser to leading statesmen of his time. One of the main responsibilities of government is education. 89.42.42.102 Related Subjects: (6) Feng, Guifen, -- 1809-1874. . At the time, leading Chinese thinkers were interrogating how to approach the threat posed by encroaching Western states. Changing Human behaviour and Lifestyle. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. 7aj8HfRy_P,hqfk>*g,M@zm8 For Yixin, these putative similarities between China and the West do not broker mutual equality, but rather enable the former to "learn from" (xue) the latter, "perhaps to overtake them at some future time." 13 Contemporary reformist literati such as Feng Guifen were explicit that such learning implied more than imitation: it extended . Expert Answer. Feng Guifen on the Adoption of Western Learning (1861) Western books on mathematics, mechanics, optics, light, and chemistry contain the best principles of the natural sciences. PQ7wv H*cg&bsw;KX$'L$)yd?3g^ %\G=P8~("q =n/LW8f"_|]S"oj._$U;3IG(>wx"B&k-'ernuZ|Yr:vq"Z+s:J}F'"K4ca9>C"'=!ydg!6^o~2vCg!1j&L\'VElx}T" /? So impressed with Dutch-style texts and medicine that he and another . The British and French burning of the Old Summer Palace in 1860 as Taiping rebel armies marched north, forced the imperial court to . For example in 1861, when he promoted the adoption of Western learning, Feng Guifen (1809-74) used the expression of gewu to translate "science," arguing that fields "such as mathematics, mechanics, perspective, optics, chemistry, all touch on gewu zhili [the ultimate principle of science]." 21 Feng Guifen on the Adoption of Western Learning (1860) Zeng Guofan on Founding the Shanghai Arsenal (1868) Li Hongzhang's Memorial Advocating Foreign Language Training (March 11, 1863) Woren's Memorial Objecting to Western Learning (1867) CHAPTER 4 -The Deepening Crisis of Imperialism in China (1856-1890) Updates? He fled to Shanghai when the rebels occupied Suzhou. eEK@r]59U!y]5c%2beeLW)p7l/FrBfyX!$yUE n TVIp28-MDG^ds:_,{H There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Feng Guifen, Wade-Giles romanization Feng Kuei-fen, (born 1809, Wu county, Jiangsu province, Chinadied May 28, 1874, Suzhou, Jiangsu province), Chinese scholar and official whose ideas were the basis of the Self-Strengthening Movement (186195), in which the Qing dynasty (16441911/12) introduced Western methods and technology in an attempt to renovate Chinese diplomatic, fiscal, educational, and military policy. Feng Guifen, 1809-1874 Excerpts from "On the Adoption of Western Learning" [PDF] Yan Fu, 1854-1921 Excerpts from "Learning from the West" [PDF] Liang Qichao, 1873-1929 Excerpts from "Observations on a Trip to America" [PDF] Calls for Radical Social Reform. Some Confucian scholars urged studying the "barbarian" technology of the west in order to resist western intervention. The tone and basic meaning were transmitted, much of the original significance is lackingand many small inaccuracies have caused big disputes. Home. By this time, Shanghai had become the metropolitan base for Western interests in China. Even worse, they slowly adopted the bad habits of Westerners. 1860.Today the world is 90,000 li around. What we achieved is no better than previous ones. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Feng Guifen, "On the Adoption of Western Learning" (ca. Psychology questions and answers. Most of this information is unavailable to people in China. % A reformer who advocated using Western methods within a Chinese context, he is best known for championing a school to teach Western languages and sciences. An immensely talented scholar, Feng Guifen fled his hometown of Suzhou in the face of the Taiping Army and sought refuge in Shanghai. Performance & security by Cloudflare. User-contributed reviews. Feng Guifen was a scholar-official of Qing China responsible for launching the Self-Strengthening Movement. As a result, we have to rely on dull-witted translators to communicate. Philosophical Analysis of Play and Leisure. 1000 BCE-588 CE), the medieval (589-959 CE), the Renaissance (960-1900 CE), the modern (1901-1949 CE), and the contemporary (after 1949 CE). Westerners from a variety of countries should be hired to teach their spoken and written languages. that Feng wrote his well-known Jiaobinlu kangyi ("Protest from the Jiaobin Studio"). (All Western learning derives from mathematics.). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Feng Guifen On the Manufacture of Foreign Weapons (1861) . Water And Hydraulic Services. Home. Feng Guifen was a scholar-official of Qing China responsible for launching the Self-Strengthening Movement. After the disasters experienced by China following Wei Yuan's death in 1857, he proposed wide-ranging reforms in a collection of works called Jiaobinlu kangyi or Essays of Protest. x[rX1 $Z_W0?h Question: FROM "ON THE ADOPTION OF WESTERN LEARNING," BY FENG GUIFEN 1. "We have only one thing to learn from the barbarians, and that is strong ships and effective guns.". Several of his ancestors were wealthy, but his father lost his fortune through fire. Professional Application in Service Learning I (LDR-461) Professional . FENG Guifen Fng Gufn 1809-1874 Chinese intellectual and official. We should select gifted children younger than fifteen-years-old from the nearby areas and offer them a small living allowance along with room and board. However, there is a separate subgroup of children with learning disabilities. Despite the ominous moniker of disinformation, it has multiple theoretical roles in social movements. [1], Feng was born to a family of wealthy Suzhou landowners in Wuxian in China's Jainsu Province in 1809. [9] Although many of his reforms were never fully enacted, they were circulated for later generations of political reformers. After three years, all those students who can smoothly read and recite foreign books should be licensed. (2004), A Biography of Feng Guifen (2004), The History of St. John's University (co-edited . Solved FROM "ON THE ADOPTION OF WESTERN LEARNING," BY | Chegg.com. Roughly speaking, many parallels to the history of Western philosophy can be discerned in . Be the first. Evidence of a state's socialization into international society is seen primarily in terms of its adoption of international law, the European diplomatic system, and partici- precociously bright scholar, he achieved his jinshi degree at the age of 32 and was immediately appointed to the prestigious Hanlin Academy. "On the Adoption of Western Learning" By Feng Guifen Books on mathematics, mechanics, optics, light, chemistry, and others all contain the ultimate principles of understanding things. stream Corrections? This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The advocates of this "self-strengthening" were not wholesale advocates of Western ideas and technology; rather, many of them believed they could graft the "substance" [fz] of Confucian culture to the "utility" [yong of Western technology. [9] In his essay, On The Manufacture of Foreign Weapons, he was famously quoted as saying: "what we have to learn from the barbarians is only the one thing - solid ships and effective guns", though in reality his proposals were a little more extensive. [4] He also finally served as a private secretary to the Viceroy of Liangjiang, Li Hongzhang. . Add tags for " / Feng Guifen ping zhuan". No wonder, we do not understand each other thoroughly, and cannot distinguish the truth from lies. Feng Guifen: On the Manufacture of Foreign Weapons On the Adoption of Western Learning Principle Versus Practicality? [4], https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feng_Guifen&oldid=1080840627, This page was last edited on 3 April 2022, at 19:38. Lacking the means to combat both challenges to its authority, the Qing court acquiesced to a series of "unequal treaties" to confront the internal threats to their rule more ably. In the years following the Treaty of Nanjing (1842), China obtained only a temporary respite from the demands of Western imperialist powers who wanted ever-increasing commercial, diplomatic, and religious privileges. Exhibits. If this proposal is implemented, if many more people study foreign languages surely many more people with high standards and character will appear among them. We identify five relationships between false information and social movements: (1) false information as movement catalyst, (2) disinformation and propaganda as repressive tools, (3) false information Resource mobilisation theory claims that social movements emerge when grievances are connected with resources, but grievances still must be perceived and interpreted (Earl 2009), allowing false information to serve as a catalyst. Fire Protection. It was then that Feng wrote his well-known Jiaobinlu kangyi (Protest from the Jiaobin Studio). %PDF-1.3 Feng Guifen, 19th century Chinese reformer, 1861. . Certainly, there are those who having learned from Westerners can surpass them. _BEU9L='GRmH4YI0kuVUZPd^w|_*Ngj. These Confucian Pragmatists maintained that the Chinese people were intellectually superior, and that all that was required was to learn, then equal and finally surpass the . [6] He also had an established intellectual relationship with Sun Yat-sen.[6], When Feng fled to Shanghai, he came in contact with Westerners who were defending the city. Their character is rough and shallow, their intentions despicable. Even as Chinese officials began using Western military technology to suppress the Taiping and other rebellions, a small group of Chinese literati suggested that Western learning should also be employed to address China's domestic problems. Feng Guifen, "Excerpts from 'On the Adoption of Western Learning," Web. Since there was a need, we established special schools to enroll children from poor families to study both Chinese and Western languages. FROM "ON THE ADOPTION OF WESTERN LEARNING," BY FENG GUIFEN 1. ca. Log In Once logged in, you can add biography in the database. Fen Guifeng "Adoption of Western Learning" Emp. 1850), Zhang Zhidong, "Exhortation to Learn" (1898), Kang Youwei, "The Need for Reforming Institutions" (1898) and more. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> In the books on geography, the mountains, rivers, strategic points, customs, and native products of the hundred countries are fully listed. Although he remained therefor less than a year, Feng became familiar with Western political theory and began to contemplate how such theories might be adapted to aid China in suppressing the domestic threats it faced. 1857) and Feng Guifen (1809-1874); the last effective Qing dynasty ruler, Empress Dowager Cixi (1835-1908); a turn-of-the-century thinker and coiner of the phrase "sick man of Asia" for his homeland named Liang Qichao (1873-1929); the founder of Chinas Nationalist Party, Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925); the father of the May Fourth Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In January 2012, a Twitter account @op_russia that called itself representatives of Anonymous in Russia published a hacked email archive that, allegedly, contained letters by, among others, Vasily Yakemenko and Kristina Potupchik. Feng was born to a family of wealthy Suzhou landowners in Wuxian in China's Jainsu Province in 1809. All they lust for is profit. Our officials under the rank of Military Commander [duhu] level know nothing about other countries. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. Click to reveal Your IP: history 1090 october 18, 2017 reading feng . (Current Issues in Memory: Memory Research in the Public Interest) Feng Guifen on the Adoption of Western Learning (1860) An immensely talented scholar, Feng Guifen fled his hometown of Suzhou in the face of the Taiping Army and sought refuge in Shanghai. A native of South China, Feng came into frequent contact with Westerners in the large trading city of Shanghai. Primary Sources. However, most of those village children are misbehaved and not very intelligent (for several decades I have even tried to find smart students from my own villages and found none). Directories Newly added. Charles Holcombe, A History of East Asia: From the Origins of Civilization to the Twenty-First Century (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017), 182. it is only that hitherto we have not made use of them. If we want to use Western learning, it is necessary to create translation academies at Guangdong and Shanghai. In his work On the Adoption of Western Learning, he suggested adopting western technology while retaining what was uniquely Chinese in their culture. [4] He also finally served as a private secretary to the . Feng Guifen, Wade-Giles romanization Feng Kuei-fen, (born 1809, Wu county, Jiangsu province, Chinadied May 28, 1874, Suzhou, Jiangsu province), Chinese scholar and official whose ideas were the basis of the Self-Strengthening Movement (1861-95), in which the Qing dynasty (1644-1911/12) introduced Western methods and technology in an attempt to renovate Chinese diplomatic, fiscal . [5], During the Taiping Rebellion, Feng organized a local militia to fight the rebels. Collective behavior research from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the scholastic progenitor to social movements research, offers the earliest view of false information, viewing crowds (including protests) as irrational and susceptible to rumour (Garner 1997). [10][11], The essays, which numbered 40 in total, outlined two measures. Read a short translated excerpt of Feng's essay "On the Adoption of Western Learning. Fire Fighting Services. The former was the chief of the Federal Agency for Youth Affairs (The Routledge Companion to Media Disinformation and Populism). Feng Guifen on the Adoption of Western Learning (1860) An immensely talented scholar, Feng Guifen fled his hometown of Suzhou in the face of the Taiping Army and sought refuge in Shanghai. Cloudflare Ray ID: 764c2a150a6a989a These are the essays that belong to the packet of readings pertaining to Feng Guifen for Professor Padilla's class. TEXTS TO KNOW Feng Guifen . Feng Guifen: On the Manufacture of Foreign Weapons On the Adoption of Western Learning Principle Versus Practicality? What does Feng Guifen see as China's weaknesses? Internet Sources on three responses/Textbook sources The Self-Strengtheners' Rebuttal, 1867 Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang: On Sending Young Men Abroad to Study Xue Fucheng: On Reform Zhang Zhidong: Exhortation to Learn Some of them can even read our classics and history, recognize our statutes and administration, and know our geography and customs. Social Sciences. Annotated Bibliography for National History Day 2017. Transportation Systems. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Feng-Guifen. Did You Know? Arguing for a comprehensive reform of the country along Western lines, he envisioned the selective adoption of Western ideas as a way to supplement traditional Chinese civilization. . "A great many of the foreign . Famous scholars from within China should be hired to teach the classics, history, and other subjects. 4 0 obj 7-HG.h)7=0r9&f-V['w]'\2>O46+F+ Reason 10: The aim of self-strengthening was probably flawed from the start, as grafting Western learning onto traditional Chinese Confucian ideals and structures for the purpose of national defence was unlikely to be successful. This can be changed at once if only the emperor would set us in the right direction.". Our flexible, affordable, entirely digital readers help you focus your classroom on primary sources. This would seem to be teleological. [VO|ld~a?Mg$1q,E=CcPo:3[^U =-/OLXtb8C>q';HquYu\~JaL9qR>@!n*Sa~}dwk7#%{#\TN[(Xy'lLvWwyIor-E:+SFOo"T~D+R|~8aGrUU~ hUM|c\Ij +[e?CP+=L+F:b(ON Since 2012 the record price for this artist at auction is $15,472 USD for AUTUMN MOUNTAIN; CALLIGARPHY . VUURbiQ=uHK*$aqp|VfgAk5@!a %Db?w B6>$Hm1K)!iR^U\Zd%rxEjLt5t7Cs7Cr!]@!fB Sd$FTA V>@=!Wz9O1C(T S =2MoZU*oW cAFV"I8b Z0>Ii0=6r'k_8I09\w28;{~` 5=Pyko91:R+JeMYcs&D'g//7a7hAo6~X@;Rj{%Y~}=3'W wG!~=C=zp_H2\to5,hi8 A The remedy is to seek the causes in ourselves. The leading theorist of the movement was the scholar-official Feng Guifen who believed in order to 'strengthen the Qing state, traditional Confucian culture and institutions must be preserved' and 'supplemented by Western weapons and technological learning'. Learning from Britain and Prussia, factories and arsenals were constructed during the 1860s and 1870s. Special Offers Email Address Field In it he warned the Chinese of the difference between the old Confucian world and the new world that had resulted from the intrusion of Western power and technology into China; he argued that the Chinese could best meet the Western challenge by learning the technology themselves. Simply looking for a way to feed and clothe themselves they begin to work for Westerners. Similar Items. [3] He was the originator of the philosophy of the Self-Strengthening Movement undertaken in the late 19th century. Feng Kuei-fen, born Feng Guifen, was a Chinese scholar during the Qing Dynasty. ]5GdpVl|#YC S$&*^1wrqTRZ%K9Q2-3Lg2]RZeB)M 'H(_3izK#_;/5^c i;Dp= G?-?9 :P9BBJ"tU!V\~@ They delineate specific reforms he felt the Qing dynasty should implement to gain greater internal control and international stature. heavily colored by the non-European states' adoption of coopera-tive institutions of European international society. (209-212) and "Feng Guifen: on the Manufacture of Foreign Weapons", "On the Adoption of Western Learning", "Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang: On Sending Young Men Abroad to Study", "Xue Fucheng: On Reform", "Zhang Zhidong: Exhortation to Learn" in Sources of Chinese Tradition: [Sources of Chinese Tradition Selections] (235-249) , that the adoption of Western arms could be justified on grounds of utility and practicality, as a means of defending China and preserving Chinese civilization. ZENG GUOFAN (1811-1872)A strict Confucian who nonetheless championed progressive fiscal and military reforms in the early 1860s, helping the Qing to suppress the Taiping Rebellion. As I previously indicated, China has many talented minds. He is the author of Zhang Taiyan (1982), A History of Chinas Modern Democratic Thought (1986), Eastward Dissemination of Western Learning and Late Qing Dynasty Society (1994), Shanghai History General Remarks (1999), An Anthology of Wan Chuan (2004), and A Biography of Feng Guifen (2004). Chinas capital at Beijing had just fallen to a combined British-French force, ending the Arrow War (the second Opium War; 185660) and forcing trading concessions to be granted to the West. The following document is part of Feng's 40 Essays of Protest, initially written during his time in Shanghai and then circulated among influential scholar-officials of the day. Western Governors University; University of California Los Angeles; Silver Creek High School (Colorado) . Feng Guifen's work has been offered at auction multiple times, with realized prices ranging from $387 USD to $15,472 USD, depending on the size and medium of the artwork. I have heard that The idea of "Chinese Learning as Substance, Western Learning for Application" was initially proposed by Feng Guifen in his Xiaopinlu kangyi, written in 1861 after the Second Opium War. Han Yi (Pseudonym, possibly written by Liu Shipei, 1884-1917) . On the Adoption of Western Learning: Featured in Macworld - one of the best history sites on the web. [4] After finishing a degree in jinshi, he started working as a compiler at the Hanlin Academy in 1840 and later became the civil service examination supervisor in Guangxi Province. Though he studied under unfavorable circumstances, Fng Kuei-fn took his ch-jn degree in 1832 and . Handling For Flammable. Feng Guifen; Chapter 4 Western Methods, Chinese Core Cixi; Chapter 5 New Citizen Liang Qichao; Chapter 6 A Sheet of Loose Sand Sun Yat-sen; Chapter 7 New Youth Chen Duxiu; Chapter 8 Unification Chiang Kai-shek; Chapter 9 Not a Dinner Party Mao Zedong, Part I; Chapter 10 Creative Destruction Mao Zedong, Part II; Fng Kuei-fn (T. , H. , ), 1809-1874, May 28, scholar, was a native of Wu-hsien (Soochow). Tags. Create Biography . It is also considered one of the earliest reformist agenda of modern China and would contribute to the Hundred Days Reform of 1898. [9] The second proposed constitutional changes, particularly the reallocation of political power and status. Communication And Security Services. Since the expansion of trade over the past 20 years, many foreigners have learned our language and studied our literature. Kuang Hsu "Attempted Reforms" (1898) The Charter Oath of the Meiji Emperor (1868) Images of the Meiji Emperor in Western Attire (1872) Imperial Proclamation of War Against Japan (1904) Letter from Meiji Emperor to President Grant (1872) 3. At Milestone Documents, we believe that engaging with history's original voices is exciting for students and liberating for instructors. Primary Source: Feng Guifen's "On the Adoption of Western Learning" [PDF] Primary Source: Yan Fu's "Learning from the West" [PDF] Liang Qingchao: China's First Democrat . By comparison should we not be ashamed? The question remains open, however, about what features allowed one trajectory or the other to (Local Clusters in Global Value Chains: Linking Actors and Territories Through Manufacturing and Innovation), (Principles and Methods of Transformative Action Research: A Half Century of Living and Doing Collaborative Inquiry). Discusses the five major themes of the Eastward dissemination of Western learning in the late Qing Dynasty, namely knowing the world, seeking to become strong and rich, saving the country, democratic revolution, and enlightenment through science . discussed in biography. lOht V4K;WY9_ Assertion that adoption of western technology is not contradictory to traditional Confucian . [2] Feng is known for his interest in techniques by which states had become wealthy and strong, highlighting these subjects in the essay he wrote to propose reforms for the Chinese empire. . By this time, Shanghai had become the metropolitan base for Western interests in China. 1850) Yukichi Fukuzawa: Western Civilization as Our Goal (1875) Zongli Yamen: Circular Letter on the Unequal Treaties (1878) Pandita Ramabai: The High-Caste Hindu Woman (1888) Emperor Guangxu: Reform of the Examination System (1898) John Hay: First "Open Door" Note to Andrew D . About Feng Guifen . "Moderate Reform and the Self-strengthening Movement" p. 233-249 in Sources of Chinese Tradition: From 1600 through the 20th Century (2000) In chapter 30 of Debary and Lutrano's work, the authors offer several excerpts from primary sources to introduce the debate over whether China should embrace Western learning and AB!N4R7H!J( o%~. tB9dD +:G E[b$bPJWYnZ. The Self-Strengtheners' Rebuttal, 1867 Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang: On Sending Young Men Abroad to Study Xue Fucheng: On Reform Zhang Zhidong: Exhortation to Learn United Hearts The Three Mainstays or Bonds Rectifying Political . He outlined a plan for maritime defense which included "building ships, making weapons, and learning the superior techniques of the barbarians." In the decades that followed . Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [4] After finishing a degree in jinshi, he started working as a compiler at the Hanlin Academy in 1840 and later became the civil service examination supervisor in Guangxi Province. In the books on geography, the mountains, rivers, strategic points, customs, and native products of the hundred countries are fully listed. The especially gifted students who practically apply their learning should be recommended by the Minister of Trade to receive the juren degree as a reward. Bookstore. ~Ck=k$ i{c. Feng's proposals to develop the Chinese economy and to manufacture modern weaponry along Western lines. RONG HONG (1828-1912)More familiar to Western readers as Yung Wing, Rong Hong traveled to the United States in 1847, became a US citizen in 1852, graduated from Yale in 1854, and served as an early emissary between China and the United States. Reviews. > Although he remained therefor less than a year, Feng became familiar . Rent or buy Sources of Chinese Tradition - 9780231112703.
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