[64], On 21 April 1802, about 12,000 Wahhabi Sunnis under the command of Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad, the second ruler of the First Saudi State attacked and sacked Karbala, killed between 2,000 and 5,000 inhabitants and plundered the tomb of Husayn ibn Ali, grandson of Prophet Muhammad and son of Ali ibn Abi Talib,[71]:74 and destroyed its dome, seizing a large quantity of spoils, including gold, Persian carpets, money, pearls, and guns that had accumulated in the tomb, most of them donations. Today, there are differences in religious practice, traditions, and customs, often related to jurisprudence. This gap continued until the 20th century. But . [192], Muslims in Yemen include the majority Shafi'i (Sunni) and the minority Zaidi (Shia). The commonly-known term is shortened from the historical Shia't-Ali , or "the Party of Ali." This group is also known as Shiites or followers of Ahl al-Bayt or "People of the Household" (of the Prophet). The first Zaidi state was established in Daylaman and Tabaristan (northern Iran) in 864 by the Alavids;[61] it lasted until the death of its leader at the hand of the Samanids in 928. [92], Following this period, SunniShia strife has seen a major upturn, particularly in Iraq and Pakistan, leading to thousands of deaths. Read about our approach to external linking. Shia are sometimes recognizable by their names, which are often derived from the names of Ahl al-Bayt. The "shadowy Sunni militant group Jundallah" has reportedly been receiving weaponry from the United States for these attacks according to the semi-official Fars News Agency. Please enter your username or email address to reset your password. On her account, she can be seen sporting clothing, makeup and accessories from companies like Hijabi Mama, The Date Palm and Culture. During the Iraq War, the United States feared that a Shiite-led, Iran-friendly Iraq could have major consequences for American national security. Let me know what you thought of each topic in the comments below! The origin of Shia Islam initially arose in response to the succession to Muhammad, and whether Ali ibn Abi Talib or a more experienced member of the Quraysh tribe should succeed. Both Sunni and Shia women wear the hijab. To put a stop to the violence, public demonstrations were banned in 1909 on the three most sensitive days: Ashura, Chehlum and Ali's death on 21 Ramadan. [139] In a joint appearance with former Iranian president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani calling for Shia-Sunni unity, Sunni Shiekh Yusuf al-Qaradawi complained that no ministers in Iran have been Sunni for a long time, that Sunni officials are scarce even in the regions with majority of Sunni population (such as Kurdistan, or Balochistan)[140] and despite the presence of Christian churches, as a prominent example of this discrimination. 3. Most adherents to the Islamic religious tradition belong to the Sunni branch, making up 90% of the world's Muslims. Shias believe that the hijab must cover around the perimeter of the face and up to the chin. Until the overthrow of Saddam Hussein, the Shia never governed a modern Arab state. Fourth, through the scholars of Jabal Amel residing in that region, or in Iraq, during the 16th and 17th centuries who later migrated to Iran.[63]. [175], A large fraction of the foreign Sunni extremists who have entered Iraq to fight against Shia and the American occupation are thought to be Saudis. But the similarity is superficial. "[94], Even on this occasion there were differences, with Rafsanjani openly asking "more than once who started" the inter-Muslim killing in Iraq, and Al-Qaradawi denying claims by Rafsanjani that he knew where "those arriving to Iraq to blow Shii shrines up are coming from". [64], Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi was another eminent scholar, killed in Aleppo on charges of cultivating Batini teachings and philosophy. Monument commemorating the Battle of Chaldiran, which was fought between the Sunni Ottoman Empire and the Shia Safavid dynasty. Although Muslims in the UK have been part of a united community with a shared experience of immigration, the relationship between these groups has recently been in the spotlight in Britain too. She did her honours bachelor in science and later realised that this career path was not for her. The general observations recorded by Muslim travellers passing through the Levant during the tenth and eleventh centuries, notably al-Maqdisi in his geographical works, The best divisions in the knowledge of the regions, as well as Ibn Jubayr, indicate that Shia Muslims made up the majority of the populations of the regions of the Levant during this era, notably in the cities of Damascus, Tiberias, Nablus, Tyre, Homs and Jabal Amel. An episode of a satirical Saudi TV series highlighting mixed Sunni-Shia families has sparked wide debate about the issue on social media, writes the BBC's Nesrine Kamal. [250][251] The United Nations has held ISIS responsible for human rights abuses and war crimes, and Amnesty International has reported ethnic cleansing by the group on a "historic scale", including attacks on Shia Muslims. For example, there are festivals which Sunnis and Shias do not celebrate in the same way, such as Ashura. Though sectarian tensions in Lebanon were at their height during the Lebanese Civil War, the ShiaSunni relations were not the main conflict of the war. Arab states especially Saudi Arabia and GCC states have been funding extremist Deobandi Sunnis and Wahhabis in Pakistan, since the Afghan Jihad. Jasmine Fares - Content creator - Self Employed | LinkedIn Robin Wright and Peter Baker, "Iraq: Jordan Sees Threat to the Election from Iran", according to pro-Khomeini author Abdel-Majid Trab Zemzem, in his book, over half of the 20,000 fatalities worldwide from terrorism in 2006 occurred in Iraq according to the American National Counter-terrorism Center, Robert Baer, "The Devil You Think You Know,", Al-Jazeera discussion between Qardawi and Rafsanjani, "The country's minority Shia populations form a majority in the country's oil rich eastern province of Hasa", Toby Jones, `The Iraq Effect in Saudi Arabia,`, BBC monitoring service from March 1980 quoted in. The casualty toll of the war's first three years has exceeded that of Iraq's decade-long conflict, and the fight has "amplified sectarian tensions to unprecedented levels". Further exacerbating the situation was the dislike between Shia leader Imam Khomeini and General Zia ul-Haq. [252] In June 2014, the New York Times wrote that as ISIS has "seized vast territories" in western and northern Iraq, there have been "frequent accounts of fighters capturing groups of people and releasing the Sunnis while the Shiites are singled out for execution". Saddam's invasion of Iran in 1980 was billed as an Arab war against Persians - and was bankrolled by the Arab and Sunni Gulf states. The historical split occurred 1400 years ago, following the death of Muhammad in Medina, in modern day Saudi Arabia. After the death of Muhammad in 632, a group of Muslims, who would come to be known as the Sunnis, believed that Muhammad's successor should be Abu Bakr, whereas a second group of Muslims, who would come to be known as the Shias, believed that his successor should have been Ali. After the Mongol invasion Shiims and Sufism once again formed a close association in many ways. How do you pray? Shias in Kashmir in subsequent years had to pass through the most atrocious period of their history. As-Saffah assumed both the temporal and religious mantle of Caliph himself. "[216] Lashkar-e-Jhangvi has declared Shia to be "American agents" and the "near enemy" in global jihad. Roughly forty years later the state was revived in Gilan (north-western Iran) and survived under Hasanid leaders until 1126. Saudi officials had no comment about Ahmadinejad's statements, but the Saudi official government news agency did say: The two leaders affirmed that the greatest danger presently threatening the Islamic nation is the attempt to fuel the fire of strife between Sunni and Shiite Muslims, and that efforts must concentrate on countering these attempts and closing ranks.[258]. Sunni-Shi'a Split - Christian Research Institute This spreading influence has caused concern to the Sunni rulers of Arab countries with Shia minorities, such as Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Among those blaming the US invasion of Iraq are Fawaz Gerges, who writes in his book ISIS: A History, By destroying state institutions and establishing a sectarian-based political system, the 2003 US-led invasion polarized the country along Sunni-Shia lines and set the stage for a fierce, prolonged struggle driven by identity politics. Differences Between Shia and Sunni Muslims - Business Insider [193] Eight other Shia were injured. The main difference between Sunnis and Shias lies in their interpretation of the rightful succession of leadership after the death of the prophet Muhammad. [85] With the involvement of Lebanese Shia paramilitary group Hezbollah, the fighting in Syria has reignited "long-simmering tensions between Sunnis and Shiites" spilling over into Lebanon and Iraq. Sunni-Shia Harmony. The groups demand the expulsion of all Shias from Pakistan and have killed hundreds of Pakistani Shias between 1996 and 1999. [238] Richard Engel, who is an NBC News Chief Foreign Correspondent, wrote an article in late 2011 alleging that the United States Government is pro-Sunni and anti-Shia. Pakistan's citizens have had serious Shia-Sunni discord. The Five Pillars of Islam (Arabic: ) is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Muslim. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni - faro.com.pe In time, these immigrants adopted the Arabic language and Arab identity, but their origin has been used to "unfairly cast them as lackeys of Iran". [120] Sunni suicide bombers have targeted not only thousands of civilians,[121] but mosques, shrines,[122] wedding and funeral processions,[123] markets, hospitals, offices, and streets. The United States fears that Shiite rule in the Persian Gulf will lead to anti-US and anti-Western sentiment as well as Iranian influence in the Arab majority states. Some of the worst sectarian strife ever has occurred after the start of the Iraq War, steadily building up to the present. [23] Sources put the numbers of Shias in Yemen at 25-30%. The two communities have often remained separate, mingling regularly only during the Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca. ShiaSunni conflict in Yemen involves the Shia insurgency in northern Yemen.[17]. Britain has an estimated Muslim population of about 2.8 million. Christians were pitted "against Muslims in Egypt, Jordanians against Palestinians in Jordan, and, above all, Sunnis against Shiites wherever possible.[97], ShiaSunni discord in Iraq starts with disagreement over the relative population of the two groups. If you go up we will pull you down by your feet; if you hide below, we will pull you up by your hair. Hopefully, this will strengthen Muslim countries against oppressive pressure by the imperialist front.[257]. While Shias and Sunnis differ on the nature of the Mahdi, many members of both groups[34] believe that the Mahdi will appear at the end of the world to bring about a perfect and just Islamic society. In fact, since the time of the leadership of Shaykh Mufid and Shaykh Tusi, Iraq had a central academic position for Shi'ism. [108] Rebel groups with 10,000s of Sunni Syrian fighters such as Ahrar ash-Sham, the Islamic Front, and al-Qaeda's al-Nusra Front, employ anti-Shia rhetoric and foreign Arab and Western Sunni fighters have joined the rebels. [30] It is the largest Shia country, with a population of about 83 million. The Sunni Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant movement claimed responsibility, issuing a statement saying: "Let the polytheist Houthis know that the soldiers of the Islamic State will not rest until we have uprooted them." Of these some 5% are Shia, the rest are Sunni. In Egypt the Fatimid government ruled.[64]. Sunni-Shia Division in Islam: It's Origin, Development - SSRN [49] Like Sunnis, some Shia women, such as those in Iran and Iraq, use their hand to hold the black chador, in order to cover their faces when in public. Whereas Sunnis dominate the Muslim world, from West Africa to. Among the explanations for the increase are conspiracies by outside forces to divide Muslims,[93][94] the recent Islamic revival and increased religious purity and consequent takfir,[95][96] upheaval, destruction and loss of power of Sunni caused by the US invasion of Iraq, and sectarianism generated by Arab regimes defending themselves against the mass uprisings of the Arab Spring. One of these was Muhammad Ibn Makki, called Shahid-i Awwal (the First Martyr), one of the great figures in Shia jurisprudence, who was killed in Damascus in 1384. These differences stem from the extreme claims on both sides. [87], At least one scholar sees the period from the collapse of the Ottoman Empire through the decline of Arab nationalism as a time of relative unity and harmony between traditionalist Sunni and Shia Muslimsunity brought on by a feeling of being under siege from a common threat, secularism, first of the European colonial variety and then Arab nationalist. 'Sushi' children defy Sunni-Shia divide - BBC News Hassan-i Sabbah conquered fortresses and captured Alamut in 1090. Religion: Islam. The division between Sunnis and Shi'as is the largest and oldest in the history of Islam. The Shia argument is that Abu Hurairah was only a Muslim for four years of his life before Muhammad's death. The Shia faith in the Levant started spreading during the Hamdanid rule, which commenced in the start of the 10th century. The Majority of Saudi Shia belong to the sect of the Twelvers. [220] Some of the slaughter was indiscriminate, but many were Shia targeted by the Taliban. Nizaris used this fortress until the Mongols finally seized and destroyed it in 1256. This has been the case in Iraq, Lebanon, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Syria. In turn, Shia religious scholars have "mocked and cursed" the first three caliphs and Aisha, Mohammed's youngest wife who fought against Ali.[108]. [55], The Shia believe that their community continued to live for the most part in hiding and followed their religious life secretly without external manifestations. [108] "Even Afghan Shia refugees in Iran", driven from Afghanistan by Sunni extremism, have "reportedly been recruited by Tehran for the war in Syria". Its the day we look forward to. Both Shia and Sunni dissidents in Yemen have similar complaints about the governmentcooperation with the American government and an alleged failure to following Sharia law[194]but it's the Shia who have allegedly been singled out for government crackdown. Revolutionary Guards have stationed several brigades in Balouchi cities, and have allegedly tracked down and assassinated Sunni leaders both inside Iran and in neighboring Pakistan. [136], The violence shows little sign of getting opposite sides to back down. The historical split occurred 1400 years ago, following the death of Muhammad in Medina, in modern day Saudi Arabia. In recent years, claims that multiculturalism has created segregated communities, encouraged terrorism, and failed to foster shared national identities in western nations have gained popularity. He thus had to enforce official Shiism violently, putting to death those who opposed him. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni - ftp.mobiloffelmenyon.hu The sword and the word | The Economist Which Muslim group is better, the Sunni or the Shia? - Quora [79] Shias are estimated to be 10-15% of the Muslim population in India and Pakistan and less than 1% of Muslim population in Bangladesh, although the total number is difficult to estimate due to the intermingling between the two groups and practice of taqiyya by Shia. [145], There has been a low level resistance in mainly Sunni Iranian Balouchistan against the regime for several years. They displayed mutual warmth with hugs and smiles for cameras and Jasmine Fares is a Lebanese 25 year old, who currently lives in Toronto. jasmine and dawoud shia or sunni [198], These latest measures come as the government faces a Sunni rebellion with a similar motivation to the Zaidi discontent. [141] As in other parts of the Muslim world, other issues may play a part in the conflict, since most Sunnis in Iran are also ethnic minorities. Ali Bhutto was Shia, Zia ul-Haq a Sunni. Jasmine & Dawoud (@jasmineanddawoud) on TikTok | 32M Likes. In retaliation, troops killed more than 300 Shiites in the city of Zaria. Jasmine & Dawoud 531K subscribers Hi everyone! Shia theology has two concepts that define religion as a whole. Recent tensions in the Middle East and Asia have been interpreted in some sections of the media as religious conflict between Sunnis and Shias. First, through the Asharis[clarification needed] at the end of the 7th and during the 8th century. Those who followed the Prophet's cousin and son-in-law ('Ali) became known as Shi'a (the followers of the Party of 'Ali - Shi'atu Ali). Jones, Toby "The Iraq Effect in Saudi Arabia, Yemen Facing Insurgency on Two Fronts, By Stephen Ulph (see above), Amnesty: Ratification without implementation:the state of human rights in Yemen, Religious clash in Indonesia kills up to six, Straits Times, 6 February 2011, grand campaign to erase the Shiite dominance, French National Centre for Scientific Research, International Islamic Unity Conference (Iran), The World Forum for Proximity of Islamic Schools of Thought, "Sunnis and Shia: Islam's ancient schism", "India Iran relations: Converging Interests or Drifting Equations", Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, "Ahmadinejad on way, NSA says India to be impacted if Iran 'wronged by others', "India, Iraq to make common cause over terror from Pak", "Aspiring powers and a new old friendship", "As Syrians Fight, Sectarian Strife Infects Mideast", "Administrative Department of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Presidential Library Religion", "Yemen: The conflict in Saada Governorate analysis", "Yemen: The land with more guns than people", "International Religious Freedom Report for 2012", "The New Middle East, Turkey, and the Search for Regional Stability", http://gulf2000.columbia.edu/images/maps/GulfReligionGeneral_lg.png, "The Origins of the Sunni/Shia split in Islam", "The Shia Revival: How Conflicts within Islam Will Shape the Future", "Abu Hurayra and the Falsification of Traditions (Hadith)", Atlas of the Middle East (Second ed.).
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