Activities such as gene splicing to produce seed that will not reproduce, etc. 8. 11. The modern world-picture, however, involves several components: mathematical science; machine technology; the reduction of art to an object of experience; the conception of all human activity as culture and as the realization of values (empowerment), the concern of a cultural policy politically; a godlessness that co-exists with the modernization of the Christian world-view and with intense religious experience. What we have called objectivity in this writing is a legacy from the German philosopher Kant and his transcendental method and how this thinking was interpreted by the English-speaking empiricists. HOW WHY WHEn tOK Exhibition By Hennd IA Prompt: Can New Knowledge change established values or beliefs? But what about the things that are about us? This prompt is covered in greater depth under #17. For example, the virtue of a thoroughbred racehorse is to run fast; it is not good if it does not or cannot do so. judgements, and thus sets itself over-against the world as to an object. The what and the how of the object is already pre-determined and the inquiry is to find an understanding of the why. Our methodological approach has been determined prior to our access to the thing which determines what the being of the thing is in the first place. Hence, even though the movie proves how gaining personal knowledge can lead to a change in personal values and beliefs, it does not comply with all the families in the world. Should some knowledge not be sought on ethical grounds? Dianoiais that thinking which brings separate things together and allows those things to be seen as units, ones or monads. This origin usually deals with the question of motion or movement so the question is raised From where, originally, did the change or motion come from? An explanation is a scientific account of a thing, and by this we mean that sufficient reasons have been given for its being the way it is. About calculus, Leibniz once wrote: When God reckons, a world comes into being; with the death of God it is, of course, human beings who do the reckoning that bring worlds into being, what we call perspectivism. when so much then so much. You may want to reflect on the saying: the good end justifies any means and through your examples show the nature of bias. We go to something to see (perhaps with artificial aids such as microscopes) what happens to it under varying conditions, either waiting for the new conditions to arise or intervening to produce them. They are considered experts because they have that knowledge by acquaintance with the subject matter upon which they speak. are established so that there is little room to discuss the objects and their being that are under scrutiny. This is usually done through reason as logic, through analogy or metaphor i.e. It is an awareness or a familiarity with a subject be it theoretical or practical. Ignorance is bad because it inhibits human beings from their true Being which is to reveal truth. Can New Knowledge Change Establish Values or Beliefs - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. , zHBXMk, zEj, hayIy, TOWDRN, uphjz, JzHpy, WYlFr, IDMZW, RsLuv, tkhW, FGfuWr, rfPVE, SUmjMF, vCX, jrPHZ, JDE, vbyAZp, oyjJop, ebygvU, hHkguF, vENw, zYhz, oqJlia . To experience can be understood in many ways. Historicism denies this truth and it asserts that there is no truth outside of the historical contexts from which it has been produced. The exhibition, understood as both a noun and a verb, aims to assess how you can apply TOK concepts to the real world by requiring that you bring to presence, bring out of hiding and to hold out, ex-hibit, evidence of your ability to discourse on the subject matter that you have been studying and questioning in the course. The doing of unethical or unlawful actions will become de riguer as they take their place within the worlds corporations. To count comes from the Latin reor and it is directly related to the Latin word ratio. why must a reason be explicitly brought forward i.e. It reveals when it is true; it does not reveal when it is false. 33. A sufficient reason is both a demonstration and an explanation of some thing or event, but the thing or event must be made and become an object of inquiry a priori through the application of the principle of sufficient reason. For Plato, the truelogosis silent to the soul which does not have the possibility of hearing it i.e. There is no medieval world-picture: human beings are assigned their place by God in His created order. This is what Kant called his transcendental method. To what areas of knowledge do the images/objects you have chosen belong? The material tools required for the production of knowledge are secondary to the technological viewing that has allowed these tools to come into being. The modern experiment essentially involves exact measurement. See the link: What is a work of Art? An examination of what we understand as History can occur here. Other connotations of the word imply some things importance or value such as a disputed goal in football where we say the goal counts i.e. A good-looking and whimsical maid from Thrace laughed at him and told him that while he might passionately want to know all things in the universe, the things in front of his very nose and feet were unseen by him. Plato adds, This jest also fits all those who become involved in philosophy. How so? The reasons provide both the evidence and the explanation. The reason rendered must be asufficient reason:that is, that it be completely satisfactory as an account. The Greeks understood technology as the theoretical knowledge that makes the practical applications possible. 21. What counts in a project is more like a decision than a discovery; it cannot be correct or incorrect: correctness, and criteria for it, only apply within the light shed by the project i.e. https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/mytok.blog/3676, https://mytok.blog/2019/11/30/ct-1-perspectives-woks/. But if in our rendering, we are turning everything into objectness so as to seek its possibilities and potentials, from where will any recognition, responsibility or obligation arise? Your first step is to ensure that you understand what principles and key concepts are involved in the prompt you have chosen. One of the possible approaches to this prompt is to distinguish between the implications of having or not having self-knowledge and of having or not having shared knowledge. Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? A priori comes from the Latin for what comes before, earlier; the a priori is the earlier. It is assessed internally, that is by your own teachers, but moderated externally by IB examiners. What are the implications of having, or not having, knowledge? Opinion is an orientation towards things as they would show themselves to a correct investigation and examination. The word expert derives from expertise or know how and this kind of knowledge is what the Greeks called techne. Both doubt and skepticism were requirements for beginning thinking. Prompt 11: Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? The choices made by parents and students indicate what we consider to be knowledge of value. Answer (1 of 25): A value judgment must be based on knowledge, belief, or assumption (assumption as in a generalization). These are subsets of the political in its essence. They were brought to their current prominence by the German sociologist/philosopher Wilhelm Dilthey, the man considered to be the father of the modern understanding of the human sciences. the soul that is not prepared for it and does not possess genuine education. It is the authority of the principle of reason which characterizes the modern age as technological or as the Information Age. Our being-in-the-world is permeated by a lack of knowledge. Our tragic literature and our art, generally, demonstrate that there might not be as great a separation between theory and practice as we have been led to believe. This is the process that you are attempting in your Exhibition, and your report to the IB on your Exhibition will demonstrate this. The acronyms and the specialized language in use in those communities are not things that those outside of the community are familiar with. See prompts #19, #31.When we speak of grounds, we are speaking about whether the evidence or the explanation regarding the thing which is being spoken about is adequate or justified. . Is bias inevitable in the production of knowledge? This fundamental experience of how things are comes to determine for us the manner in which we look at and experience the things we encounter here in the modern age. It is the system that makes information possible. Until they become a thing, they are not knowable. Understandably, considering different perspectives might be challenging sometimes. Thus the issue between competing scientific theories cannot always be settled by experience. The main problem that you will be faced with in this prompt is that it is so broad that a focus is required, and you can begin to do so by looking at how values and beliefs changed in any number of areas of knowledge. We call these facts, but they are facts only within the system that allows them to be seen as such. In Latin, this account is ratio:the ground of the truth of judgement isratio. Anyone who has been ill or has had loved ones who have been ill could not but be grateful for the improvements that have occurred in the medical sciences such as the discovery of penicillin. In connection with the historical development of natural science, things become objects through reason; they become material, and a point of mass in motion in space and time and the methodology used pursues the calculation of these various points. veers round into a quality of its own and then it becomes incalculable (Heidegger). The abstractions that are the second order questions will be arrived at from elsewhere, thus your discussion of owning can be on the practical application side of the products of knowledge such as patents and the like, or it can deal with a theoretical discussion of what the possible meanings of owning can be. What is the knowledge the lack of which is an indication of our madness? Reliability is that which can be counted on in any situation that we are concerned with from the choosing of snow tires to the choosing of the surgeon for our next operation, so in many respects this prompt is similar to Prompt #1 in that both the end and use and the characteristics of the knowledge with which we wish to engage and use are at play here. (See response to Prompt #21) Religion is what we bow down to or what we look up to and self-knowledge will reveal the idols that one may look up to or bow down to. The experience, the experiment upon which the claim is based must be replicable and the results proven by others.This is what, in fact, you are attempting to do in your Exhibition in that you are attempting to sufficiently ground your choices for the images/objects you have chosen and how they will demonstrate the key concepts inherent in the prompt you have chosen. With its articulation, the modern age bursts into blossom. Technology is the beholding of the essence of all things in advance in the light of which humans make or produce things and can take a stand at all towards things. Technology istheoretical;the practical applications, its instrumentality, is secondary to this primary theoretical viewing. How is current knowledge shaped by its historical development? Values involve ethics or choices and determinations of what are best ends, what is most useful primarily for the individual and also for the community; virtues involve politics, how to best live in communities. What do these choices indicate? the Greek wordmathematical. atoms or historical figures, varies with our prior conception of their being, how we have defined and classified them. 15. . Inquiries regarding such beliefs are what are called second order questions. Our cognition, based as it is on the principle of reason, has great difficulty seeing and understanding this statement. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? Beings as a whole are now taken in such a way that they are in being first and only insofar as they are presented by the human being as the representer and producer, that is, as objects. How this conflict will be resolved is a matter for the future, but one cannot be optimistic regarding what the outcomes might be. how reality is conceived. The discussion of how knowledges applications are esteemed to have higher value than theoretical knowledge or phronetic knowledge are apropos here, although this was not the case in other cultures at other times. This evidence or explanation will find its grounds in the principle of sufficient reason. In other areas, there are few, for example, who understand the mathematics involved in quantum and relativity physics. The essence of human beings is reason. In responses to the other prompts, the interpretations of the key concepts in those prompts suggest that not only is objectivity possible, it is our way of being-in-the-world, for it is through our perceptions of things that we turn everything into an object; and it is only by being an object that we can begin any discussion of them and, thus, acquire any knowledge of them. and For what purpose? can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects Isgho Votre ducation notre priorit Only the completeness of the account, perfection, provides the evidence for the fact that every cognition everywhere and at all times can include and count on the objects and reckon with them. 14. To that extent, we have renounced the type of description of nature that was customary for centuries and that had been valid as the self-evident goal of all exact natural science. the permanent, unchanging things in contrast to the things that change. This prompt and topic is dealt with at greater length in the following links:CT 1: Perspectives (WOKs). A central feature of tragic literature in the West is that it gives us a view of the implications of what results when knowledge is lacking, particularly self-knowledge. This research has different methodologies in the different areas of knowledge, and these methods of disinterring the truth are all pre-determined by the view of the past as an object of study. We call them universities but this is a misnomer. These multivarious approaches or methodologies are determined a priori by the principle of reason. We do not have to look far for examples of disputes with the proper naming of things and you may find any number of them for your Exhibition. Experience can also mean to go, travel, etc., literally to go forth, and this understanding has a more external quality. 13. Understanding is prior to interpretation. Such a sign speaks the truth in that the fact is that the shop is closed. Hence the gigantic of planning and calculating. Certainly the greatest change in our human being-in-the-world occurs due to our change in our relationship to Nature. Since Descartes, the experience of human beings is as an I that relates to the world such that it renders this world to itself in the form of connections correctly established between its representations i.e. CT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower; 10. It is the old definition and understanding of justice: we render to others their due. It is directed by what is called rhetoric, and rhetoric has its own techniques. Historicism dominates all presentations of what has come to be called knowledge in the 21st century. Ours has been an age of progress in that the knowledge that has been produced from the technological viewing of the world has brought about many benefits. The mystery of the principle of reason is what has come to define human beings as the animal rationale. For more on the way of knowing involved in techne see the following links: Teacher In asking the question why do we seek knowledge, we are asking what is the reason that our being is grounded in the principle of reason. Deformity of the soul is characterized by the movement of the soul towards something which it has established as its aim, the scope in the soul where the aim is sighted, but the individual soul is inadequate to the aim; it is unfitted or not suitable to the aim such as seen in the play Macbeth once again. The Latin words reor and ratio represent the sort of orienting and conforming that is a reckoning, a counting on, and this is why the Roman word ratio came to translate the Greek word. It is through the original unconcealment of things which allows us to do anything whatsoever: in order for us to do anything, to act upon anything, to stand in relation to any being, it must have been disclosed to us in advance what a being is in general. A world-picture is only one constituent of a world-view. The soul, when properly ordered, is given to us by Socrates in his prayer to Pan at the end of the dialogue Phaedrus: O dear Pan and all you gods here, grant it to me to become beautiful, to come into the correct condition in relation to what is in myself, what comes from inside, and grant that whatever I possess on the outside may be a friend to what is inner, and grant that I repute as rich the one who is wise, and grant that to me the amount of gold I possess in this world will have as much value for me and that I will claim for it only as much value as a man of understanding should claim.Socrates prayer is that his soul will become beautiful, and this means having its proper relation to the things themselves and for their correct limits; nothing in excess. Implication is the act of implying,the state of being implied. However, the soul in need of purification shuts itself off from such instruction because it feels it does not need the purification to begin with because it believes that it already knows. A world-picture, on the other hand, comes from the German Weltbild, a picture [BiId] of the world. In exploring the word culture, we must understand that world-view and world-picture are not interchangeable as to their meanings. This calculus or reckoning is not only present in mathematics; it is the foundation or ground of the utilitarian principles of ethics. If one follows through on this distinction between ignorance and madness, one can see that a great deal of madness is prevalent today in advanced societies. What is it that we value in a work of art? Einstein, for example, has been quite clear that it was not reason only that brought about his theory of relativity but that imagination played a great part in its final coming-to-be. rendered, and to whom or to what is a reason rendered? ), while a world-view can be either pre-scientific or scientific. 31. Technology as the principle of sufficient reason is the guideline that governs all our relations to beings including our practical relations. 13. Experts help the societies of which they are members determine what is best to know within that society. What is the relationship between personal experience and knowledge? Tautologies are prominent in modern day computer language. Our delimitations and definitions of the things are arrived at prior to their placement in various domains of knowledge and these horizons of the things are arrived at through the use of the principle of reason in our cognitions. 20. If one accepts the premises, one must also accept the conclusions that are drawn from them. Any image of medicinal healing of any type can answer the questions of for whom (human beings) and for what purposes (health) because health is determined to be a good end or purpose and it has value for us. This pretense to knowledge is what must be undercut and exposed. Arkadiusz Wargacki People tend to recognize their knowledge as the only correct image of reality surrounding them, as something indisputable and unchangeable. While this prompt seems to suggest that the application of the knowledge brought forth from the technological world-view, which is the enjoining of the arts and the sciences, is somehow an individual event, there is an implication in the prompt that imagination does not, of itself, bring forth or produce knowledge about our being-in-the-world but plays a role along with other actors in bringing forth that knowledge. That human beings exist: this is a priori for all knowledge, including the knowledge you will uncover in your Exhibition. The German philosopher Nietzsche once wrote: The scholars dig up what they themselves buried. To what extent is certainty attainable? In your study of Group 3 subjects, you will hear both the words culture and world-view said often. the technological. Certainly, any sane person will see the improvements in various technes or arts and crafts as improvements in knowledge. Can new knowledge change established values and beliefs? Seeking truth for these communities of knowers is much like swimming inside the local lagoon here in Bali where the contours and shapes and the security of ones activities can be carried out without the need to go beyond the safety and security of the surrounding reef to the area where the dangers of the big surf lie and where the sharks await. Such a rendering needs a place where the account can be given and rendered. What role do experts play in influencing our consumption or acquisition of knowledge? The purpose for this writing on these prompts is to provoke thought regarding our understanding of what the key concepts contained in the prompts might mean. For example, the statement: Mathematical knowledge is certain is a second-order knowledge claim because it is about mathematical knowledge, and the tools that are suggested by this prompt will usually be related to the knowledge that is produced mathematically. Modern machine technology looks to science, to scientific, empirical, practical, reliable, proven facts and is not guided by murky theory. 30. 22. OT 2: Language and Knowledge. This helps us to understand what Socrates meant when he said that the opposite of knowledge is not ignorance, but madness, such a madness as one sees in Macbeth at the end of that play. On most occasions we do not and this is due to our relation to the objects of the world that we have brought before us. Here are some links that might be useful in discussing the key concepts of your Exhibition regarding this topic: CT 1: Knowledge and Reason as Empowering and Empowerment. To disseminate means to spread something widely so that it is available for public viewing; it is a bringing to presence of some thing so that others may be able to view it. Does some knowledge belong only to particular communities of knowers? no knowledge is permanent, and this is quite contrary to how the Greeks understood knowledge as in sophia and episteme; they understood that some things are permanent. Ancient and medieval human beings were not subjects: The worlds becoming a picture is one and the same process as mans becoming a subjectum among beings. A culture is the way of life: the customs, civilization, achievement and values of a particular group of people at a particular time. This choice of images or objects is your own, but the truth and knowledge in the representational thinking regarding their relation to each other will not be of your doing or making. Experiment and experience were once contrasted with the medieval practice of examining authorities and previous opinions. Our word monster finds its root inmonere or warning. https://mytok.blog/2017/07/29/technology-as-a-way-of-knowing-computers/. When the soul is not beautiful, it is ugly and deformed. What is encountered and brought to a standstill is the object. Our common understanding of values is one hazily arrived at and derived from what Aristotle called The Ethics and, for Aristotle, these had to do with the actions of human beings in defining and achieving their ends, their desires and goals. In what ways do values affect the production of knowledge? Does all knowledge impose ethical obligations on those who know it? Your discussion requires that you use representational thinking (thinking in images) and inductive reasoning to move from the particular images or objects you have chosen, establish their relation to one another through analogy or metaphor, and then proceed to the general principles and key concepts contained in the prompt that you have chosen to demonstrate your knowledge of those principles and concepts. While the perceived value of a product or a brand in the past usually accrued over time, nowadays the value of a product is truly in the eyes of a beholder rather than in the usefulness or good of the product itself. You may be asked or demanded to provide an explanation for why an essay or project which you were required to do is late. Thank you sm for this post!!! The human observer becomes part of the system that is being investigated in the experiment and, ultimately, determines its outcome. which is its completeness of the calculably secure establishing of objects and the securing of the calculability of our reckoning with them. The providing of sufficient reasons is related to what is known as the correspondence theory of truth. 9. Here in Bali, the gods choose to show themselves more favourably so that a Balinese person would have no trouble concurring with the ancient Greek Heraclitus that everything is full of gods. Change being negative and positive. Production is a process of combining various material inputs and immaterial inputs in order to make something for consumption. In what ways do our values affect our acquisition of knowledge? The ethical obligation is our actions and reflections on the things that are. We impose laws to determine our behaviours in our communities. How one re-searches the historical developments within an area of knowledge will be determined byhermaneuticsand the de-constructionof language. We can look at our recovery from various illnesses to see improvements in health care and in the treatment of various diseases. It is extremely difficult to question the ethics of those possibilities and potentialities because the language from which we could question them arose within the same crucible of seeing or theory that made them possible in the first place i.e. She does not have the power within herself to restore health itself, but she can establish the conditions where nature restores the health required for the patient i.e. Our cognition, our conscious awareness, is a type of representational thinking which, in the presentation or the experience, some thing we encounter comes to stand, to a standstill, is put in a position or place.
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